Rocky reefs. Semi-pelagic species. Juveniles recruit to nearshore areas.
Limiting factors
Federally-designated as an overfished species. Periodic recruitment dependent on favorable conditions in a highly variable environment. Low productivity. Fishery bycatch.
Data gaps
The importance of juvenile life-stage nearshore habitat associations.
Conservation actions
Maintain conservative management strategy to rebuild populations. Protect critical habitat. Gather information to fill data gaps.